Dhaka to seek increased Beijing’s involvement

  • 02 Jun, 2026, 07:44 AM
Dhaka to seek increased Beijing’s involvement
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PM Tarique Rahman state visit to China in late June 

Humaira Binte Kabir

Chinese investments and soft loan, renewable energy, Chinese economic zone, Tessta barrage, Build, Road and Initiative (BRI) civil and military cooperation, Rohingya crisis, and civil war in Myanmar are likely to dominate Dhaka-Beijing talks during Prime Minister’ Tarique Rahman state visit to China maiden overseas state visit to China either in late June, sources in Dhaka and Beijing said.

As Japan, China, South Korea are major development partners of Bangladesh in construction of roads, bridges and economics zones, Dhaka is expected to seek increased Beijing’s multilateral and economic involvement during Prime Minister’ Tarique Rahman state visit to China first overseas state visit to China either in June or July, sources in Dhaka and Beijing said.

Prime Minister’ Tarique Rahman’s planned visit to China is set to strengthen the deep understanding, friendship, and vibrant partnership shared by both nations, signaling a renewed commitment to advancing their strategic cooperation

During his visit to Beijing, Prime Minister’ Tarique Rahman’s will meet Chinese President Xi Jinping, and different stakeholders to discuss the political, strategical, economic and cultural issues.

After taking oath on February 17, 2026, Tarique Rahman set to enter on maiden state visit to China with a mission to reach the Dhaka-Beijing relations to a new height, sources in Dhaka and Beijing said.

Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives Minister of Bangladesh Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir, Foreign Minister Dr. Khalilur Rahman, Finance Minister Amir Khasru Mahmood Chowdhury, Prime Minister’s Foreign Affairs Adviser Humayun Kabir, Foreign Secretary Asad Alam Siam, are expected to be among others, in the delegation of Prime Minister’s visit to China. 

A top foreign minister official said that Bangladesh will maintain balance relations with three powers—India, China and USA--on strategic grounds. "Bangladesh holds interests in all countries, and it's crucial for us to remember this," he said.

He highlighted the trade relations between India and China, despite their differences, as well as India's close ties with the US, and stressed that it is important for Bangladesh to maintain good relations with all these three countries.

As USA President Donald Trump visited China in recent times, Dhaka is likely to get relaxed environment to negotiate with Beijing in the next couple of years as USA will look at revamping the US economy cutting US involvement over overseas issues, sources in Dhaka, Beijing and Washington said

This visit, announced by diplomatic sources in both Dhaka and Beijing, comes at a critical time amid ongoing global tensions such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the turmoil in the Middle East, major political change in Bangladesh and tension between Dhaka and New Delhi after the ouster of dictator Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024

According to a highly-placed Bangladeshi diplomat, this visit aims to deepen Bangladesh's ties with China, the world’s second-largest economy. In the context of these international conflicts, strengthening bilateral relationships becomes all the more crucial for both nations.

This visit comes at a critical time amid ongoing global tensions such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the turmoil in the Middle East due to Israeli actions in Gaza.

According to a highly-placed Bangladeshi diplomat, this visit aims to deepen Bangladesh's ties with China, the world’s second-largest economy. In the context of these international conflicts, strengthening bilateral relationships becomes all the more crucial for both nations.

A political expert highlighted that political leaders from the USA, India, and EU countries have frequently expressed concerns over Bangladesh's growing dependence on China. Following the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, USA, and Japan, China has become a major source of loans for Bangladesh's development projects. Furthermore, Bangladesh’s defense cooperation with China remains a significant concern for India and Western countries.

During his visit, Prime Minister Tarique Rahman and Chinese leaders are expected to engage in discussions covering a wide range of issues. These will include trade, investment, mid and long-term loans, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects, various Chinese investments, the Rohingya crisis, and the civil war in Myanmar. Such comprehensive dialogue aims to address and bolster the multifaceted relationship between the two countries.

Sources indicate that Bangladesh may seek a special economic package from China to mitigate the macroeconomic pressures facing the country. The civil war in neighboring Myanmar and the influx of 1.1 million Rohingya refugees into Bangladesh have severely impacted the country’s social fabric.

Consequently, Dhaka is expected to request Beijing's active initiatives in resolving this crisis. Additionally, Bangladesh will address the significant trade imbalance with China, urging Chinese entrepreneurs to invest in promising sectors. Currently, China is Bangladesh’s largest trading partner. In the 2022-23 fiscal year, Bangladesh exported goods worth $610.14 million to China, while imports from China totaled $17,826.6 million, resulting in a trade deficit of over $19 billion.

According to the Chinese Enterprises Association in Bangladesh (CEAB) President Han Kun, the next stage of BRI engagement will centre on sustainability, shared financing and broader participation from private actors - moving beyond the perception that BRI is solely a China-funded framework.

In an exclusive interview with the state owned national news agency BSS, Han said misconceptions about BRI remain particularly the assumption that China alone finances all major projects. "That is a misunderstanding," he said. "BRI is a bilateral cooperation framework, not a one-way initiative where China alone spends money. It is meant to be mutually beneficial, involving both governments, private investors, and businesses from all sides,"

He said that more than 140 countries have already joined the initiative, making it unrealistic for any single nation to shoulder the full financial burden.

"China's economy is strong, but even then it can't fund all projects in all participating countries. For sustainability, investment has to be shared, benefits have to be shared, and project selection has to be pragmatic," he said.

Bangladesh formally joined the Belt and Road Initiative in 2016, opening a new chapter in bilateral cooperation. Since then, major infrastructure projects - including bridges, power plants, tunnel and road networks - have been undertaken with various forms of Chinese financing, ranging from concessional loans to commercial and private investment.

In 2016, during President Xi's visit to Bangladesh, both nations signed a series of Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) and agreements, promising $26 billion in BRI projects and $14 billion in joint ventures, amounting to a $40 billion package. BRI projects in Bangladesh have primarily focused on energy and transportation, with infrastructure investment needs projected to reach 1.5% of GDP by 2040. This substantial investment highlights the strategic importance of Bangladesh in China’s BRI plans and the mutual benefits both countries seek to achieve through these collaborations.

The Economic Relations Division (ERD) recently held an inter-ministerial meeting to evaluate the loans' pros and cons, ensuring that the financial terms align with Bangladesh’s economic needs and repayment capabilities.

China currently ranks fourth among the 32 countries and organizations lending to Bangladesh, with Chinese loans representing nearly 10% of the total loans received annually by Bangladesh. Over the last two years, this amount has exceeded $1 billion annually. Of the total loans provided by China, $3 billion has been granted in the last four years, indicating a growing financial relationship between the two nations.

To alleviate pressure on its depleting reserves, which stood at $19.95 billion as of April 30, Bangladesh Bank allowed the settlement of international trade in Chinese yuan in September 2022. This move aims to reduce reliance on the dollar, thereby diversifying the currency mix and mitigating exchange rate risks. This strategy is part of a broader effort to stabilize Bangladesh's economy amid global financial uncertainties.

Amid these developments, Chinese Ambassador in Dhaka, Yao Wen, underscored the significance of Prime Minister’s visit for promoting trade, investment, and cultural exchange. This aligns with Bangladesh's Vision 2041 and the goal of realizing a "Smart Bangladesh." He emphasized that the early signing of a China-Bangladesh Free Trade Agreement (FTA) would usher in a new era of economic and trade cooperation, describing it as a transformative step for both countries.

The feasibility study report indicates that the FTA will reduce tariffs on Chinese goods imported into Bangladesh, potentially lowering import prices and alleviating inflation. This reduction in raw material costs could enhance the competitiveness of Bangladeshi products in the international market, supporting an increase in foreign exchange reserves. Furthermore, the FTA is expected to facilitate Chinese investment in Bangladesh, creating employment opportunities, promoting industrial upgrades, and diversifying exports.

Earlier this year, Bangladesh successfully held its general election on February 12. 2026, and the new government's top priority is stable economic development and graduating from the Least Developed Countries (LDC) status.

The repayment terms of Chinese loans, typically 10-15 years excluding the grace period, pose challenges, with high annual principal payments compared to loans from institutions like the World Bank. Zahid Hussain, former lead economist at the World Bank's Dhaka office, commented on China's efforts to bolster the yuan's reliability in global trade and the potential benefits of such loans, provided the conditions are favorable. He noted that while loans in yuan could reduce pressure on dollar reserves, the terms and conditions of these loans need to be carefully evaluated to ensure they are advantageous for Bangladesh.

Meanwhile, China has expressed appreciation for Bangladesh's interest in joining BRICS and assured active support. This commitment was reiterated during the 13th round of bilateral political consultations between Bangladesh and China in Beijing. The consultations focused on enhancing bilateral relations, economic ties, trade, and investment cooperation on multilateral platforms. Both nations emphasized the importance of high-level exchanges and people-to-people connectivity.

According to the Economic Relation Division (ERD) of Bangladesh, during 1999--2000-2023-24, China committed foreign aid valued at 10291.884 million US dollars to Bangladesh and disbursed 6541.983 million US dollars during the same period. However, China committed to disburse 146.34 million US dollars as grants and disbursed 146.34 million US dollars. China promised to give Bangladesh 7253.162 million US dollars as official development assistant (ODA), disbursed 3752.115 million US dollars and repaid 261.633 US dollars.

Meanwhile, during the visit, Bangladesh will urge Beijing to speed up the construction of the Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone (CEIZ) in Chattogram since the Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza) first took the initiative to build the enclave in a bid to attract foreign investment.

The long-delayed Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone in Chattogram's Anwara is expected to enter the implementation stage by June, with the Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority (Beza) hoping to finalise a developer agreement after key negotiations with the Chinese side enter their final phase.

The Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone, or CEIZ, is being developed on nearly 783 acres in Anwara, under a government-to-government arrangement. Despite its large investment potential, the project has remained stalled for more than nine years because no developer agreement has yet been signed.

According to officials, the project was delayed for several reasons. Initially, China Harbour Engineering Company was expected to undertake the infrastructure development work. However, the failure to reach an agreement with the company resulted in several years of delay.

Later, in 2022, the Chinese government nominated China Road and Bridge Corporation as the new developer.

Meanwhile, Chinese Ambassador in Dhaka Yao Wen underscored the importance of strengthening economic and strategic cooperation, with a particular focus on projects like the China Economic Zone in Chattogram and the enhancement of connectivity initiatives.

He also emphasized the importance of practical bilateral cooperation, particularly in sectors such as digital connectivity and port modernisation.

Regional and global issues also will be featured in the discussions, notably the ongoing Rohingya crisis.

Meanwhile, a senior career diplomat who has worked in Washington DC, Seoul, Paris and Canberra said “China, India and the US are three major partners of Bangladesh. These three countries occupy maximum space of Bangladesh’s diplomatic efforts, and also play key role in determining Bangladesh’s place in the international community.

It's a vexing issue with long standing anomalies that remained unresolved mostly on our side. Coteries of Manpower export establishment, corrupt private companies and in public sector have remained responsible but untouched by initiatives take time to time by the government.  All these are known to you. Therefore, I regret to say that a short, simple answer to your question seems not possible. Said a diplomat


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